How toppers approached this question
This situation required extensive introspection before finalizing the report. (a) Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case. (b) What are the options available to you in the above case? (c) What do you think is more ethical to focus on the personal responsibility of the driver, who was intoxicated, or on the broader systemic issue of maintenance failures? Justify your answer with relevant ethical theories.
How toppers built answers of this type: the structure spine and the moves they converged on. Aggregated across real past-paper answers for this paper and directive, not this one question, so no question-specific evidence is shown. No answer text is reproduced.
The topper method
Discuss
The spine toppers built
Open
- Define the key term first
- Context-hook opening
Build
- Numbered enumeration
- Directive-mirroring headers
- Both sides before the verdict
Close
- Verdict conclusion
- Forward-looking close
Moves they converged on
- Numbered enumeration65% of answers
Enumerate points as a numbered list.
- Define the key term first63% of answers
Open by defining the central term.
- Example as evidence57% of answers
Tag a concrete example explicitly as evidence.
- Verdict conclusion55% of answers
End with a clear verdict.
- Directive-mirroring headers37% of answers
Headers that mirror the question's directive.
Evidence toppers carried (per answer)
Concepts ~2Examples ~1Statutes ~1Thinkers ~1Principles ~1Institutions ~1Other anchors ~1Current events ~1
Case anatomy · Ethical dilemma
- Ethical issues94% of toppers
- Chosen option89% of toppers
- Justification89% of toppers
- Values in conflict83% of toppers
- Options78% of toppers
- Stakeholders75% of toppers
GS4 · Discuss: derived from 318 real past-paper answers: counts, not copied prose
Write your own answer to this question
Mark my answer freeMethod is derived from real past-paper answers as anonymized aggregate signal. Construction moves and counts, never copied answer text.