How toppers approached this question
Q12 Compare and contrast the features of ancient Indian universities like Nalanda and Takshashila with modern state-funded universities in India. What lessons can modern universities learn from ancient ones to improve their effectiveness? (15 marks)
How toppers built answers of this type: the structure spine and the moves they converged on. Aggregated across real past-paper answers for this paper and directive, not this one question, so no question-specific evidence is shown. No answer text is reproduced.
The topper method
Discuss
The spine toppers built
Open
- Define the key term first
- Context-hook opening
Build
- Numbered enumeration
- Directive-mirroring headers
- Problems then remedies
Close
- Verdict conclusion
- Forward-looking close
Moves they converged on
- Numbered enumeration71% of answers
Enumerate points as a numbered list.
- Define the key term first55% of answers
Open by defining the central term.
- Example as evidence55% of answers
Tag a concrete example explicitly as evidence.
- Verdict conclusion53% of answers
End with a clear verdict.
- Directive-mirroring headers43% of answers
Headers that mirror the question's directive.
Evidence toppers carried (per answer)
Sections / code provisions ~2Current events ~1Statutes ~1Thinkers ~1Data points ~1Examples ~1Institutions ~1Concepts ~1
GS2 · Discuss: derived from 293 real past-paper answers: counts, not copied prose
Write your own answer to this question
Mark my answer freeMethod is derived from real past-paper answers as anonymized aggregate signal. Construction moves and counts, never copied answer text.