1. (b) In acts of corruption, the focus is often only on the demand side of the equation, on public officials who abuse their office for private gain. Frequently, the supply side is given less attention. Those who pay bribes are sometimes depicted as innocent parties and victims of extortionary practices of wily public servants. Do you agree that 'collusive corruption', in which there is a willing bribe-giver, is a formidable challenge for institutions fighting corruption?

The spine toppers built

1. Open

   • Define the key term first
   • Context-hook opening
   • Roadmap statement

2. Build

   • Both sides before the verdict
   • Numbered enumeration
   • Directive-mirroring headers

3. Close

   • Verdict conclusion
   • Forward-looking close

constructionMoves they converged on

• Example as evidence80% of answers

  Tag a concrete example explicitly as evidence.

• Verdict conclusion66% of answers

  End with a clear verdict.

• Both sides before the verdict63% of answers

  Weigh both sides before taking a stand.

• Stance then justify61% of answers

  Take a stance, then justify it.

• Define the key term first58% of answers

  Open by defining the central term.

stairsEvidence toppers carried (per answer)

account_treeCase anatomy · Corruption

• Ethical issues96% of toppers
• Chosen option94% of toppers
• Justification89% of toppers
• Options70% of toppers
• Stakeholders64% of toppers
• Values in conflict62% of toppers